Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted during recent years on the synthesis, properties, and applications of ion-exchange membranes. On the basis of the periodical and patent literature the paper gives a systematic account of membranes and methods for their production, the various ways of synthesising them, and brief information on their application and the laws of membrane processes. Classification is based on various criteria, primarily the homogeneity, the nature of the skeleton and the character of functional groups, electrochemical properties, etc.
Numerous methods of synthesising and producing polymerisation and polycondensation membranes, activated films, and heterogeneous membranes are described and critically examined. The main reactions are given. From an analysis of the literature, patents, and other sources the prospects are given for possible future developments in the synthesis of ion-exchange membranes. A list of 367 references is included.