Abstract
The main physicochemical characteristics of thio and dithio phosphorus acids – acid and redox properties, stability in solution, tautomerism, association and solubility in nonaqueous media, distribution in water–organic solvent systems – are reviewed. The effect of the structure of the reagents on their properties is analysed. The optimum conditions and chemical nature of extraction, the effect of substituents and diluents on the extract of metal dialkyldithiophosphates is discussed. Examples are given of the effective use of thio and dithio phosphorus acids for the separation of elements and the isolation of Cu, Hg(II), Tl(I), Sn(II), As(III), and Bi from other elements. The potential application of the extraction of elements with thio and dithio phosphorus acids is examined.
The bibliography includes 157 references.