Home / Articles / Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes

Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes

Eduard Grigor'evich Rakov 1
Eduard Grigor'evich Rakov
1 D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
10.1070/RC2000v069n01ABEH000531
Published 30 November 1999
Communication , Volume 69, Issue 1, 35-52
85
Share
Cite this
GOST
 | 
Cite this
GOST
Copy cite
Rakov E. G. Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2000. Vol. 69. No. 1. pp. 35-52.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy cite
Rakov E. G. Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2000. Vol. 69. No. 1. pp. 35-52.
RIS
 | 
Cite this
RIS
Copy cite
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1070/RC2000v069n01ABEH000531
UR - https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2000v069n01ABEH000531
TI - Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes
T2 - Russian Chemical Reviews
AU - Rakov, Eduard Grigor'evich
PY - 2000
DA - 1999/11/30
PB - ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
SP - 35-52
IS - 1
VL - 69
ER -
BibTex
 | 
Cite this
BibTex (up to 50 authors)
Copy cite
@article{2000_Rakov,
author = {Eduard Grigor'evich Rakov},
title = {Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes},
journal = {Russian Chemical Reviews},
year = {2000},
volume = {69},
publisher = {ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii},
month = {Nov},
url = {https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2000v069n01ABEH000531},
number = {1},
pages = {35--52},
doi = {10.1070/RC2000v069n01ABEH000531}
}
MLA
Cite this
MLA
Copy cite
Rakov, Eduard Grigor'evich. “Methods for preparation of carbon nanotubes.” Russian Chemical Reviews, vol. 69, no. 1, Nov. 2000, pp. 35-52. https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2000v069n01ABEH000531.
Views / Visits / Downloads
17 / 17 / 5

Abstract

The most important methods of synthesis and purification of carbon nanotubes, a new form of material, are described. The prospects for increasing the scale of preparation processes and for more extensive application of nanotubes are evaluated. The bibliography includes 282 references.

References

3.
Fullerene Commercial Vision
Withers J.C., Loutfy R.O., Lowe T.P.
Fullerene Science and Technology , 1997
4.
Nanotubes: A Revolution in Materials Science and Electronics
Terrones M., Hsu W.K., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Topics in Current Chemistry , 1999
5.
5
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1953
7.
Simulation of nanotubular forms of matter
Ivanovskii A.L.
Russian Chemical Reviews , 1999
9.
Carbon nanotubes
Eletskii A.V.
Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk , 2008
10.
Solid C60: a new form of carbon
Krätschmer W., Lamb L.D., Fostiropoulos K., Huffman D.R.
Nature , 1990
11.
Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes
Ebbesen T.W., Ajayan P.M.
Nature , 1992
12.
New one-dimensional conductors: Graphitic microtubules
Hamada N., Sawada S., Oshiyama A.
Physical Review Letters , 1992
13.
Electronic structure of chiral graphene tubules
Saito R., Fujita M., Dresselhaus G., Dresselhaus M.S.
Applied Physics Letters , 1992
14.
Electronic properties of bucky-tube model
Tanaka K., Okahara K., Okada M., Yamabe T.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1992
15.
Patterns in the bulk growth of carbon nanotubes
Ebbesen T.W., Hiura H., Fujita J., Ochiai Y., Matsui S., Tanigaki K.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1993
16.
Carbon Nanotubes
Ebbesen T.W.
Annual Review of Materials Science , 1994
17.
Carbon Nanotubes
Ebbesen T.W.
Physics Today , 1996
18.
Growth and Sintering of Fullerene Nanotubes
Colbert D.T., Zhang J., McClure S.M., Nikolaev P., Chen Z., Hafner J.H., Owens D.W., Kotula P.G., Carter C.B., Weaver J.H., Rinzler A.G., Smalley R.E.
Science , 1994
19.
Growth and characterization of buckybundles
Wang X.K., Lin X.W., Dravid V.P., Ketterson J.B., Chang R.P.
Applied Physics Letters , 1993
20.
Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes by Arc-Discharge Evaporation
Ando Y., Iijima S.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1993
21.
The hrem observation of cross-sectional structure of carbon nanotubes
Feng S.Q., Yu D.P., Hub G., Zhang X.F., Zhang Z.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids , 1997
23.
Defects in Carbon Nanostructures
Zhou O., Fleming R.M., Murphy D.W., Chen C.H., Haddon R.C., Ramirez A.P., Glarum S.H.
Science , 1994
24.
Intercalation into carbon nanotubes
Mordkovich V.Z., Baxendale M., Yoshimura S., Chang R.P.
Carbon , 1996
25.
Successful Intercalation into Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes without Breaking Tubular Structure
Mordkovich V.Z., Baxendale M., Yudasaka M., Yoshimura S., Dai J.-., Chang R.P.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals , 1998
26.
28
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1955
27.
Effect of external electric field on the growth of nanotubules
Srivastava A., Srivastava A.K., Srivastava O.N.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
28.
Production of carbon nanotubes
Journet C., Bernier P.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
29.
Lip-Lip Interactions and the Growth of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Buongiorno Nardelli M., Brabec C., Maiti A., Roland C., Bernholc J.
Physical Review Letters , 1998
30.
Microscopic Growth Mechanisms for Carbon Nanotubes
Charlier J., De Vita A., Blase X., Car R.
Science , 1997
31.
Mechanism of carbon nanotube formation in the arc discharge
Gamaly E.G., Ebbesen T.W.
Physical Review B , 1995
32.
Theory of growth and mechanical properties of nanotubes
Bernholc J., Brabec C., Buongiorno Nardelli M., Maiti A., Roland C., Yakobson B.I.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
33.
Smallest carbon nanotube
Ajayan P.M., Lijima S.
Nature , 1992
34.
Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter
Iijima S., Ichihashi T.
Nature , 1993
35.
Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls
Bethune D.S., Kiang C.H., de Vries M.S., Gorman G., Savoy R., Vazquez J., Beyers R.
Nature , 1993
36.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes produced at high yield by mixed catalysts
Seraphin S., Zhou D.
Applied Physics Letters , 1994
37.
Single‐Walled Tubes and Encapsulation of Nanocrystals into Carbon Clusters
Seraphin S.
Journal of the Electrochemical Society , 1995
39.
Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique
Journet C., Maser W.K., Bernier P., Loiseau A., de la Chapelle M.L., Lefrant S., Deniard P., Lee R., Fischer J.E.
Nature , 1997
40.
Improving conditions towards isolating single-shell carbon nanotubes
Lambert J.M., Ajayan P.M., Bernier P., Planeix J.M., Brotons V., Coq B., Castaing J.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1994
41.
Vapor-phase self-assembly of carbon nanomaterials
Kiang C.-., Dresselhaus M.S., Beyers R., Bethune D.S.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1996
42.
Catalytic Synthesis of Single-Layer Carbon Nanotubes with a Wide Range of Diameters
Kiang C., Goddard W.A., Beyers R., Salem J.R., Bethune D.S.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1994
43.
Polyyne Ring Nucleus Growth Model for Single-Layer Carbon Nanotubes
Kiang C., Goddard III W.A.
Physical Review Letters , 1996
44.
Carbon nanotubes with single-layer walls
Kiang C., Goddard W.A., Beyers R., Bethune D.S.
Carbon , 1995
45.
Kinetics of metal-catalyzed growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Maiti A., Brabec C.J., Bernholc J.
Physical Review B , 1997
46.
48
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1955
47.
Carbon single wall nanotubes elaboration and properties
Bernier P., Maser W., Journet C., Loiseau A., de la Chapelle M.L., Lefrant S., Lee R., Fischer J.E.
Carbon , 1998
48.
The Role of Boron Nitride in Graphite Plasma Arcs
Terrones M., Hsu W.K., Ramos S., Castillo R., Terrenes H.
Fullerene Science and Technology , 1998
49.
Influence of boron on carbon arc plasma and formation of fullerenes and nanotubes
Lange H., Huczko A., Byszewski P., Mizera E., Shinohara H.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
50.
Synthesis ofBxCyNznanotubules
Weng-Sieh Z., Cherrey K., Chopra N.G., Blase X., Miyamoto Y., Rubio A., Cohen M.L., Louie S.G., Zettl A., Gronsky R.
Physical Review B , 1995
51.
Doping Graphitic and Carbon Nanotube Structures with Boron and Nitrogen
Stephan O., Ajayan P.M., Colliex C., Redlich P., Lambert J.M., Bernier P., Lefin P.
Science , 1994
52.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Chopra N.G., Luyken R.J., Cherrey K., Crespi V.H., Cohen M.L., Louie S.G., Zettl A.
Science , 1995
53.
Metal particle catalysed production of nanoscale BN structures
Terrones M., Hsu W.K., Terrones H., Zhang J.P., Ramos S., Hare J.P., Castillo R., Prassides K., Cheetham A.K., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1996
54.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Reduced Numbers of Layers Synthesized by Arc Discharge
Loiseau A., Willaime F., Demoncy N., Hug G., Pascard H.
Physical Review Letters , 1996
55.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Loiseau A., Willaime F., Demoncy N., Schramchenko N., Hug G., Colliex C., Pascard H.
Carbon , 1998
56.
Structures of Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Single-Layer and Multilayers Produced by Arc Discharge
Saito Y., Maida M., Matsumoto T.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1999
57.
Square, Pentagon, and Heptagon Rings at BN Nanotube Tips
Saito Y., Maida M.
Journal of Physical Chemistry A , 1999
58.
BCN nanotubes and boron doping of carbon nanotubes
Redlich P., Loeffler J., Ajayan P.M., Bill J., Aldinger F., Rühle M.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1996
59.
Concurrent preparation of carbon, boron nitride and composite nanotubes of carbon with boron nitride by a plasma evaporation method
Shimizu Y., Moriyoshi Y., Komatsu S., Ikegami T., Ishigaki T., Sato T., Bando Y.
Thin Solid Films , 1998
60.
Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Nanotubes with Well-Separated Layers of Boron Nitride and Carbon
Suenaga K., Colliex C., Demoncy N., Loiseau A., Pascard H., Willaime F.
Science , 1997
61.
Capillarity-induced filling of carbon nanotubes
Ajayan P.M., lijima S.
Nature , 1993
62.
Capillarity and Wetting of Carbon Nanotubes
Dujardin E., Ebbesen T.W., Hiura H., Tanigaki K.
Science , 1994
63.
65
A. A. Krasnovskii
Biofizika , 1959
64.
Opening carbon nanotubes with oxygen and implications for filling
Ajayan P.M., Ebbesen T.W., Ichihashi T., Iijima S., Tanigaki K., Hiura H.
Nature , 1993
66.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes filled with long continuous crystals of molybdenum oxides
Chen Y.K., Green M.L., Tsang S.C.
Chemical Communications , 1996
67.
Nanocapillarity and Chemistry in Carbon Nanotubes
Ugarte D., Châtelain A., de Heer W.A.
Science , 1996
68.
Filling carbon nanotubes
Ugarte D., Stöckli T., Bonard J.M., Châtelain A., de Heer W.A.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
69.
Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of lanthanum-containing C82
Johnson R.D., de Vries M.S., Salem J., Bethune D.S., Yannoni C.S.
Nature , 1992
70.
Single Crystal Metals Encapsulated in Carbon Nanoparticles
Ruoff R.S., Lorents D.C., Chan B., Malhotra R., Subramoney S.
Science , 1993
71.
LaC2Encapsulated in Graphite Nano-Particle
Tomita M., Saito Y., Hayashi T.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1993
72.
Yttrium carbide in nanotubes
Seraphin S., Zhou D., Jiao J., Withers J.C., Loutfy R.
Nature , 1993
73.
Selective encapsulation of the carbides of yttrium and titanium into carbon nanoclusters
Seraphin S., Zhou D., Jiao J., Withers J.C., Loutfy R.
Applied Physics Letters , 1993
75.
Magnetic separation of GdC2 encapsulated in carbon nanoparticles
Subramoney S., Ruoff R.S., Lorents D.C., Chan B., Malhotra R., Dyer M.J., Parvin K.
Carbon , 1994
78.
Growth of manganese filled carbon nanofibers in the vapor phase
Ajayan P.M., Colliex C., Lambert J.M., Bernier P., Barbedette L., Tence M., Stephan O.
Physical Review Letters , 1994
79.
Large scale synthesis of single‐shell carbon nanotubes
Lin X., Wang X.K., Dravid V.P., Chang R.P., Ketterson J.B.
Applied Physics Letters , 1994
80.
A method for synthesizing large quantities of carbon nanotubes and encapsulated copper nanowires
Setlur A.A., Lauerhaas J.M., Dai J.Y., Chang R.P.
Applied Physics Letters , 1996
81.
Synthesis of carbon-encapsulated nanowires using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon precursors
Dai J.Y., Lauerhaas J.M., Setlur A.A., Chang R.P.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1996
84.
Relation between metal electronic structure and morphology of metal compounds inside carbon nanotubes
Guerret-Piécourt C., Bouar Y.L., Lolseau A., Pascard H.
Nature , 1994
86.
Filling carbon nanotubes with metals by the arc-discharge method: the key role of sulfur
Demoncy N., Stéphan O., Brun N., Colliex C., Loiseau A., Pascard H.
European Physical Journal B , 1998
87.
Novel nanotubes and encapsulated nanowires
Terrones M., Hsu W.K., Schilder A., Terrones H., Grobert N., Hare J.P., Zhu Y.Q., Schwoerer M., Prassides K., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
89.
91
L. M. Vorob'eva
Biokhimiya , 1956
90.
92
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1948
92.
Carbon Nanotubes at As-Grown Top Surface of Columnar Carbon Deposit
Yoshinori Ando Y.A.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1993
93.
Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Carbon Arc
Zhao X., Wang M., Masato Ohkohchi M.O., Yoshinori Ando Y.A.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1996
94.
96
L. M. Vorob'eva
Biokhimiya , 1958
95.
97
A. N. Terenin
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1952
96.
Preparation of high-grade carbon nanotubes by hydrogen arc discharge
Zhao X., Ohkohchi M., Wang M., Iijima S., Ichihashi T., Ando Y.
Carbon , 1997
97.
99
V. V. Zolotarev
1938
98.
100
V. V. Zolotarev
Chem. Abs. , 1941
99.
101
M. F. Shostakovskii
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk , 1960
100.
102
F. Fichter
Helv. Chim. Acta , 1922
101.
103
L. N. Bell
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1956
102.
104
O. P. Osipova
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1950
103.
Carbon nanotubes synthesized in a hydrogen arc discharge
Wang X.K., Lin X.W., Dravid V.P., Ketterson J.B., Chang R.P.
Applied Physics Letters , 1995
104.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Arc Discharge in CF4 Gas Atmosphere
Yokomichi H., Matoba M., Sakima H., Ichihara M., Sakai F.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
105.
Fullerene macro structures
Koprinarov N.S., Marinov M.V., Pchelarov G.V., Konstantinova M.A.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
107.
Self-Assembly of Tubular Fullerenes
Guo T., Nikolaev P., Rinzler A.G., Tomanek D., Colbert D.T., Smalley R.E.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1995
108.
Catalytic growth of single-walled manotubes by laser vaporization
Guo T., Nikolaev P., Thess A., Colbert D.T., Smalley R.E.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1995
109.
Synthesis and structure of pristine and alkali-metal-intercalated single-walled carbon nanotubes
Bower C., Suzuki S., Tanigaki K., Zhou O.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
110.
Large-scale purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes: process, product, and characterization
Rinzler A.G., Liu J., Dai H., Nikolaev P., Huffman C.B., Rodríguez-Macías F.J., Boul P.J., Lu A.H., Heymann D., Colbert D.T., Lee R.S., Fischer J.E., Rao A.M., Eklund P.C., Smalley R.E., et. al.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
111.
Single-wall carbon nanotube formation by laser ablation using double-targets of carbon and metal
Yudasaka M., Komatsu T., Ichihashi T., Iijima S.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1997
112.
Pressure Dependence of the Structures of Carbonaceous Deposits Formed by Laser Ablation on Targets Composed of Carbon, Nickel, and Cobalt
Yudasaka M., Komatsu T., Ichihashi T., Achiba Y., Iijima S.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 1998
113.
Effect of the Growth Temperature on the Diameter Distribution and Chirality of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Bandow S., Asaka S., Saito Y., Rao A.M., Grigorian L., Richter E., Eklund P.C.
Physical Review Letters , 1998
114.
Crystalline Ropes of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes
Thess A., Lee R., Nikolaev P., Dai H., Petit P., Robert J., Xu C., Lee Y.H., Kim S.G., Rinzler A.G., Colbert D.T., Scuseria G.E., Tománek D., Fischer J.E., Smalley R.E., et. al.
Science , 1996
115.
Formation of Thin Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Laser Vaporization of Rh/Pd-Graphite Composite Rod
Maniwa H.K., Hanyu T., Achiba Y.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
116.
STM morphology study of ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes
Lefebvre J., Antonov R., Johnson A.T.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
117.
Fullerene 'crop circles'
Liu J., Dai H., Hafner J.H., Colbert D.T., Smalley R.E., Tans S.J., Dekker C.
Nature , 1997
118.
Encapsulated C60 in carbon nanotubes
Smith B.W., Monthioux M., Luzzi D.E.
Nature , 1998
119.
Boron nitride nanotube growth defects and their annealing-out under electron irradiation
Goldberg D., Bando Y., Eremets M., Takemura K., Kurashima K., Tamiya K., Yusa H.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1997
120.
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes by means of excimer laser ablation at high temperature
Yu D.P., Sun X.S., Lee C.S., Bello I., Lee S.T., Gu H.D., Leung K.M., Zhou G.W., Dong Z.F., Zhang Z.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
121.
123
V. V. Levchenko
Zhur. Obshch. Khim. , 1952
122.
124
V. V. Levchenko
Zhur. Obshch. Khim. , 1952
123.
125
K. A. Andrianov
Vysokomol. Soed. , 1960
126.
Structures of soot generated by laser induced pyrolysis of metal-graphite composite targets
Muñoz E., Benito A.M., Estepa L.C., Fernández J., Maniette Y., Martínez M.T., de la Fuente G.F.
Carbon , 1998
127.
The mechanistics of fullerene formation
Ebbesen T.W., Tabuchi J., Tanigaki K.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1992
129.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of vapor-phase grown nanotubes of carbon
Ge M., Sattler K.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids , 1993
130.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of single‐shell nanotubes of carbon
Ge M., Sattler K.
Applied Physics Letters , 1994
132.
134
V. V. Korshak
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk , 1948
133.
Synthesis of carbon nanostructures by ion sputtering
Wang Z., Zhu F., Wang W., Ruan M.
Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics , 1998
134.
Formation of BN nanoarches: Possibly the key to cubic boron nitride film growth
Collazo-Davila C., Bengu E., Leslie C., Marks L.D.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
137.
Catalytic growth of carbon microtubules with fullerene structure
José‐Yacamán M., Miki‐Yoshida M., Rendón L., Santiesteban J.G.
Applied Physics Letters , 1993
138.
The study of carbon nanotubules produced by catalytic method
Ivanov V., Nagy J.B., Lambin P., Lucas A., Zhang X.B., Zhang X.F., Bernaerts D., Van Tendeloo G., Amelinckx S., Van Landuyt J.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1994
139.
Catalytic production and purification of nanotubules having fullerene-scale diameters
Ivanov V., Fonseca A., Nagy J.B., Lucas A., Lambin P., Bernaerts D., Zhang X.B.
Carbon , 1995
140.
Fe-catalyzed carbon nanotube formation
Hernadi K., Fonseca A., Nagy J.B., Bernaerts D., Lucas A.A.
Carbon , 1996
141.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Li W.Z., Xie S.S., Qian L.X., Chang B.H., Zou B.S., Zhou W.Y., Zhao R.A., Wang G.
Science , 1996
142.
Very long carbon nanotubes
Pan Z.W., Xie S.S., Chang B.H., Wang C.Y., Lu L., Liu W., Zhou W.Y., Li W.Z., Qian L.X.
Nature , 1998
143.
Direct growth of aligned open carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition
Pan Z.W., Xie S.S., Chang B.H., Sun L.F., Zhou W.Y., Wang G.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1999
144.
Synthesis of nanotubes via catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene: A SEM study
Müller T.E., Reid D.G., Hsu W.K., Hare J.P., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Carbon , 1997
145.
Synthesis of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes over supported catalysts
Fonseca A., Hernadi K., Piedigrosso P., Colomer J.-., Mukhopadhyay K., Doome R., Lazarescu S., Biro L.P., Lambin P., Thiry P.A., Bernaerts D., Nagy J.B.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
146.
148
P. Kresse
Chem. Abs. , 1960
147.
149
V. V. Korshak
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1954
148.
150
Ya. E. Bernadskaya
"Iskusstvennoe Volokno" (Artificial Fibres) , 1952
149.
151
V. M. Rodionov
Zhur. Obshch. Khim. , 1936
150.
Carbon nanotubes production over Co/silica catalysts
Hernadi K., Fonseca A., Piedigrosso P., Delvaux M., Nagy J.B., Bernaerts D., Riga J.
Catalysis Letters , 1997
151.
Nanoscale Electroless Metal Deposition in Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Li J., Moskovits M., Haslett T.L.
Chemistry of Materials , 1998
152.
154
Friedl.
153.
155
M. V. Mal'tsev
Izv. Vys. Ucheb. Zaved., Tsvet. Met. , 1960
154.
Electron microscopy study of coiled carbon tubules
Bernaerts D., Zhang X.B., Zhang X.F., Amelinckx S., Tendeloo G.V., Landuyt J.V., Ivanov V., Nagy J.B.
Philosophical Magazine A , 1995
155.
A Simple and Novel Way to Synthesize Aligned Nanotube Bundles at Low Temperature
Mukhopadhyay K., Koshio A., Tanaka N., Shinohara H.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
157.
159
J. Tafel
Z. Elektrochem. , 1911
158.
160
1912
159.
Growing carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Qin L.C., Zhou D., Krauss A.R., Gruen D.M.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
160.
Synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterned silicon wafers
Kong J., Soh H.T., Cassell A.M., Quate C.F., Dai H.
Nature , 1998
161.
CARBON NANOTUBE SYNTHESES
BAUM R.
Chemical & Engineering News , 1998
162.
Growth of carbon nanotubes on cobalt disilicide precipitates by chemical vapor deposition
Mao J.M., Sun L.F., Qian L.X., Pan Z.W., Chang B.H., Zhou W.Y., Wang G., Xie S.S.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
163.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Based Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers Using a Template Method
Che G., Lakshmi B.B., Martin C.R., Fisher E.R., Ruoff R.S.
Chemistry of Materials , 1998
164.
Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production
Che G., Lakshmi B.B., Fisher E.R., Martin C.R.
Nature , 1998
165.
Carbon crooked nanotube layers of polyethylene: Synthesis, structure and electron emission
Chernozatonskii L.A., Kukovitskii E.F., Musatov A.L., Ormont A.B., Izraeliants K.R., L'vov S.G.
Carbon , 1998
166.
Carbon nanotubes from polyethylene precursors: Structure and structural changes caused by thermal and chemical treatment revealed by HREM
Kiselev N.A., Sloan J., Zakharov D.N., Kukovitskii E.F., Hutchison J.L., Hammer J., Kotosonov A.S.
Carbon , 1998
167.
Pyrolytic carbon nanotubes from vapor-grown carbon fibers
Endo M., Takeuchi K., Kobori K., Takahashi K., Kroto H.W., Sarkar A.
Carbon , 1995
168.
Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Catalytic Decomposition of Benzene Over Silica Supported Cobalt Catalysts
Díaz G., Benaissa M., Santiesteban J.G., José-Yacamán M.
Fullerene Science and Technology , 1998
169.
A Formation Mechanism for Catalytically Grown Helix-Shaped Graphite Nanotubes
Amelinckx S., Zhang X.B., Bernaerts D., Zhang X.F., Ivanov V., Nagy J.B.
Science , 1994
170.
172
1918
171.
Controlled production of aligned-nanotube bundles
Terrones M., Grobert N., Olivares J., Zhang J.P., Terrones H., Kordatos K., Hsu W.K., Hare J.P., Townsend P.D., Prassides K., Cheetham A.K., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Nature , 1997
172.
Preparation of aligned carbon nanotubes catalysed by laser-etched cobalt thin films
Terrones M., Grobert N., Zhang J.P., Terrones H., Olivares J., Hsu W.K., Hare J.P., Cheetham A.K., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
174.
Specific conditions for Ni catalyzed carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition
Yudasaka M., Kikuchi R., Matsui T., Ohki Y., Yoshimura S., Ota E.
Applied Physics Letters , 1995
176.
Bulk morphology and diameter distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons
Cheng H.M., Li F., Sun X., Brown S.D., Pimenta M.A., Marucci A., Dresselhaus G., Dresselhaus M.S.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
177.
Large aligned-nanotube bundles from ferrocene pyrolysis
Rao C.N., Sen R.
Chemical Communications , 1998
178.
Hydrogen control of carbon deposit morphology
Nolan P.E., Schabel M.J., Lynch D.C., Cutler A.H.
Carbon , 1995
179.
Single-wall nanotubes produced by metal-catalyzed disproportionation of carbon monoxide
Dai H., Rinzler A.G., Nikolaev P., Thess A., Colbert D.T., Smalley R.E.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1996
180.
Carbon Structures Obtained By the Disproportionation of Carbon Monoxide over Nickel Catalysts
Govindaraj A., Sen R., Santra A.K., Nagaraju B.V.
Materials Research Bulletin , 1998
182.
Saito R., Dresselhaus G., Dresselhaus M.S.
1998
183.
Pyrolytically grown BxCyNz nanomaterials: nanofibres and nanotubes
Terrones M., Benito A.M., Manteca-Diego C., Hsu W.K., Osman O.I., Hare J.P., Reid D.G., Terrones H., Cheetham A.K., Prassides K., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1996
184.
B–C–N, C–N and B–N nanotubes produced by the pyrolysis of precursor molecules over Co catalysts
Sen R., Satishkumar B.C., Govindaraj A., Harikumar K.R., Raina G., Zhang J., Cheetham A.K., Rao C.N.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
185.
Bamboo-shaped carbon tube filled partially with nickel
Saito Y., Yoshikawa T.
Journal of Crystal Growth , 1993
186.
Single‐walled carbon nanotubes growing radially from YC2particles
Zhou D., Seraphin S., Wang S.
Applied Physics Letters , 1994
188.
Radial single-layer nanotubes
Subramoney S., Ruoff R.S., Lorents D.C., Malhotra R.
Nature , 1993
189.
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Growing Radially from Ni Fine Particles Formed by Arc Evaporation
Saito Y., Okuda M., Fujimoto N., Yoshikawa T., Tomita M., Hayashi T.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1994
191.
A novel method for synthesis of carbon nanotubes: Low temperature solid pyrolysis
Li Y.L., Yu Y.D., Liang Y.
Journal of Materials Research , 1997
192.
Epitaxial carbon nanotube film self-organized by sublimation decomposition of silicon carbide
Kusunoki M., Rokkaku M., Suzuki T.
Applied Physics Letters , 1997
193.
Carbon Nanotubes on SiC Powder Surface Grown by a Vacuum Heating Process
Hirofumi Takikawa H.T., Ryuichi Miyano R.M., Miki Yatsuki M.Y., Tateki Sakakibara T.S.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
194.
Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film Self-Organized on a SiC Wafer
Kusunoki M., Shibata J., Rokkaku M., Hirayama T.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
195.
Carbon with tubelene-like nearest atomic order in inclusions of iron-nickel-carbon alloys
Val'chuk V.P., Ormont A.B., Chernozatonskii L.A.
Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics , 1995
196.
Synthesis and structure investigations of alloys with fullerene and nanotube inclusions
Chernozatonskii L.A., Val'chuk V.P., Kiselev N.A., Lebedev O.I., Ormont A.B., Zakharov D.N.
Carbon , 1997
198.
Synthesis of diamond crystals from oxygen-acetylene flames on a metal substrate at low temperature
Grigoryev E.V., Savenko V.N., Sheglov D.V., Matveev A.V., Cherepanov V.A., Zolkin A.V., Kolesov B.A.
Carbon , 1998
199.
Fullerenes C60 and C70 in flames
Howard J.B., McKinnon J.T., Makarovsky Y., Lafleur A.L., Johnson M.E.
Nature , 1991
200.
Carbon shells in flames
Howard J.B., Chowdhury K.D., Sande J.B.
Nature , 1994
201.
Towards a general concept of diamond chemical vapour deposition
Bachmann P.K., Leers D., Lydtin H.
Diamond and Related Materials , 1991
202.
204
Cherkesov A I
Ref. Zh. Khim. , 1968
203.
Condensed-phase nanotubes
Hsu W.K., Hare J.P., Terrones M., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R., Harris P.J.
Nature , 1995
204.
Electrolytic conversion of graphite to carbon nanotubes in fused salts
Chen G.Z., Fan X., Luget A., Shaffer M.S., Fray D.J., Windle* A.H.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry , 1998
206.
208
O. A. Reutov
"Teoreticheskie Problemy Organicheskoi Khimii" (Theoretical Problems in Organic Chemistry) , 1956
207.
SPONTANEOUS FORMATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES AND POLYHEDRA FROM CESIUM AND AMORPHOUS CARBON
Stevens M.G., Subramoney S., Foley H.C.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
208.
Electron field emission from phase pure nanotube films grown in a methane/hydrogen plasma
Küttel O.M., Groening O., Emmenegger C., Schlapbach L.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
209.
MUCH ADO ABOUT NANOTUBES
DAGANI R.
Chemical & Engineering News , 1999
210.
Thermogravimetric analysis of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles
Pang L.S., Saxby J.D., Chatfield S.P.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1993
212.
Morishita K., Takarada T., Uchida K., Yumura M.
TANSO , 1997
213.
215
N. D. Tomashov
Zh. Prikl. Khim. , 1970
214.
Gasification behavior of carbon nanotubes
Morishita K., Takarada T.
Carbon , 1997
215.
Purification of nanotubes
Ebbesen T.W., Ajayan P.M., Hiura H., Tanigaki K.
Nature , 1994
216.
Sponge of Purified Carbon Nanotubes
Ando Y., Zhao X., Ohkohchi M.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
217.
Purification and magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes
Bandow S., Asaka S., Zhao X., Ando Y.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
218.
A simple chemical method of opening and filling carbon nanotubes
Tsang S.C., Chen Y.K., Harris P.J., Green M.L.
Nature , 1994
219.
Purification of Single-Shell Nanotubes
Dujardin E., Ebbesen T.W., Krishnan A., Treacy M.M.
Advanced Materials , 1998
220.
Purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes by ultrasonically assisted filtration
Shelimov K.B., Esenaliev R.O., Rinzler A.G., Huffman C.B., Smalley R.E.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
221.
MORISHITA K., TAKARADA T.
Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu , 1998
222.
224
Chem. Abs. , 1959
223.
The opening and filling of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWTs)
Sloan J., Hammer J., Zwiefka-Sibley M., Green M.L., Sloan J.
Chemical Communications , 1998
224.
Efficient cleavage of carbon graphene layers by oxidants
Hwang K.C.
Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications , 1995
225.
Opening and purification of carbon nanotubes in high yields
Hiura H., Ebbesen T.W., Tanigaki K.
Advanced Materials , 1995
226.
Filling carbon nanotubes with small palladium metal crystallites: the effect of surface acid groups
Lago R.M., Tsang S.C., Lu K.L., Chen Y.K., Green M.L.
Journal of the Chemical Society Chemical Communications , 1995
227.
Platinum Deposition on Carbon Nanotubes via Chemical Modification
Yu R., Chen L., Liu Q., Lin J., Tan K., Ng S.C., Chan H.S., Xu G., Hor T.S.
Chemistry of Materials , 1998
228.
Wetting, filling and decorating carbon nanotubes
Ebbesen T.W.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids , 1996
229.
Chemical Attachment of Organic Functional Groups to Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Material
Chen Y., Haddon R.C., Fang S., Rao A.M., Eklund P.C., Lee W.H., Dickey E.C., Grulke E.A., Pendergrass J.C., Chavan A., Haley B.E., Smalley R.E.
Journal of Materials Research , 1998
230.
Solution Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Chen J., Hamon M.A., Hu H., Chen Y., Rao A.M., Eklund P.C., Haddon R.C.
Science , 1998
231.
Covalently functionalized nanotubes as nanometre- sized probes in chemistry and biology
Wong S.S., Joselevich E., Woolley A.T., Cheung C.L., Lieber C.M.
Nature , 1998
232.
Separation of carbon nanotubes by size exclusion chromatography
Duesberg G.S., Burghard M., Muster J., Philipp G.
Chemical Communications , 1998
233.
Chromatographic size separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes
Duesberg G.S., Muster J., Krstic V., Burghard M., Roth S.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing , 1998
234.
Fullerene Pipes
Liu J., Rinzler A.G., Dai H., Hafner J.H., Bradley R.K., Boul P.J., Lu A., Iverson T., Shelimov K., Huffman C.B., Rodriguez-Macias F., Shon Y., Lee T.R., Colbert D.T., Smalley R.E., et. al.
Science , 1998
235.
Orientation and purification of carbon nanotubes using ac electrophoresis
Yamamoto K., Akita S., Nakayama Y.
Journal Physics D: Applied Physics , 1998
236.
238
Brown G P
Am. Chem. Soc., Polymer Preprints , 1964
237.
Purification of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Microfiltration
Bandow S., Rao A.M., Williams K.A., Thess A., Smalley R.E., Eklund P.C.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 1997
238.
Purification and size-selection of carbon nanotubes
Bonard J., Stora T., Salvetat J., Maier F., Stöckli T., Duschl C., Forró L., de Heer W.A., Châtelain A.
Advanced Materials , 1997
239.
Rings of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Martel R., Shea H.R., Avouris P.
Nature , 1999
240.
High power electrochemical capacitors based on carbon nanotube electrodes
Niu C., Sichel E.K., Hoch R., Moy D., Tennent H.
Applied Physics Letters , 1997
242.
Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films: Production and Optical and Electronic Properties
de Heer W.A., Bacsa W.S., Châtelain A., Gerfin T., Humphrey-Baker R., Forro L., Ugarte D.
Science , 1995
243.
Coating of Carbon Nanotube with Nickel by Electroless Plating Method
Qunqing Li Q.L., Shoushan Fan S.F., Weiqiang Han W.H., Chenhang Sun C.S., Wenjie Liang W.L.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1997
244.
Conversion of Nickel Coated Carbon Nanotubes to Diamond under High Pressure and High Temperature
Han W., Fan S., Li Q., Zhang C.L.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1998
245.
Synthesis and characterization of carbide nanorods
Dai H., Wong E.W., Lu Y.Z., Fan S., Lieber C.M.
Nature , 1995
246.
Continuous synthesis and characterization of silicon carbide nanorods
Han W., Fan S., Li Q., Liang W., Gu B., Yu D.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1997
247.
249
A. I. Fedorova
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1961
248.
250
D. Goerrig
1955
249.
251
D. Goerrig
Chem. Abs. , 1959
251.
Carbon nanotubes: The solar approach
Laplaze D., Bernier P., Maser W.K., Flamant G., Guillard T., Loiseau A.
Carbon , 1998
252.
254
M. G. Safarov
1975
253.
Formation of Nanotubes, Nanowires, and Nanoparticles in a Hydrogen Arc
Setlur A.A., Lauerhaas J.M., Dai J.Y., Chang R.P.
Springer Series in Materials Science , 1998
254.
256
Z. V. Zvonkova
Zh. Strukt. Khim. , 1977
255.
High yield of single-wall carbon nanotubes by arc discharge using Rh–Pt mixed catalysts
Saito Y., Tani Y., Miyagawa N., Mitsushima K., Kasuya A., Nishina Y.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
256.
Production of Single-Wall Nanotubes by High-Temperature Pulsed Arc Discharge: Mechanisms of their Production
Toshiki Sugai T.S., Hideki Omote H.O., Shunji Bandow S.B., Nobuo Tanaka N.T., Hisanori Shinohara H.S.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers & Short Notes , 1999
257.
Loosely-entangled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared in Modified Arc-discharge
Chang B.H., Xie S.S., Zhou W.Y., Qian L.X., Pan Z.W., Mao J.M., Li W.Z.
Journal of Materials Science Letters , 1998
259.
Single-wall carbon nanotubes formed by a single laser-beam pulse
Yudasaka M., Ichihashi T., Komatsu T., Iijima S.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1999
260.
Ultrafast ablation with high-pulse-repetition-rate lasers: I. Theoretical considerations
Gamaly E.G., Rode A.V.
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering , 1998
261.
263
R. E. Spivak
Azerb. Neft. Khoz. , 1975
262.
Single-wall carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation in a nitrogen atmosphere
Zhang Y., Gu H., Iijima S.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
263.
Production of high-density single-walled nanotube material by a simple laser-ablation method
Maser W.K., Muñoz E., Benito A.M., Martı́nez M.T., de la Fuente G.F., Maniette Y., Anglaret E., Sauvajol J.-.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
264.
AFM and STM investigation of carbon nanotubes produced by high energy ion irradiation of graphite
Biró L.P., Márk G.I., Gyulai J., Havancsák K., Lipp S., Lehrer C., Frey L., Ryssel H.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms , 1999
265.
267
V. A. Epel'baum
Zh. Fiz. Khim. , 1940
266.
268
L. N. Shkaraputa
1975
267.
269
Sharma V N
J. Indian Chem. Soc. , 1935
268.
Chemical vapor deposition of methane for single-walled carbon nanotubes
Kong J., Cassell A.M., Dai H.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
270.
272
J. Johnston
Edin. J. Sci. (New Ser.) , 1831
271.
Single-walled nanotubes by the pyrolysis of acetylene-organometallic mixtures
Satishkumar B.C., Govindaraj A., Sen R., Rao C.N.
Chemical Physics Letters , 1998
272.
Growth of Highly-Oriented Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma-Enhanced Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition
Huang Z.P., Xu J.W., Ren Z.F., Wang J.H., Siegal M.P., Provencio P.N.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
273.
Synthesis of Large Arrays of Well-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes on Glass
Ren Z.F., Huang Z.P., Xu J.W., Wang J.H., Bush P., Siegal M.P., Provencio P.N.
Science , 1998
274.
Formation of carbon nanotubes and their filling with metallic fibers on ion-emitting field anodes
Okuyama F., Hayashi T., Fujimoto Y.
Journal of Applied Physics , 1998
275.
Mono-sized single-wall carbon nanotubes formed in channels of AlPO4-5 single crystal
Tang Z.K., Sun H.D., Wang J., Chen J., Li G.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
276.
Well-aligned carbon nitride nanotubes synthesized in anodic alumina by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition
Sung S.L., Tsai S.H., Tseng C.H., Chiang F.K., Liu X.W., Shih H.C.
Applied Physics Letters , 1999
277.
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from carbon nanotubes by a substitution reaction
Han W., Bando Y., Kurashima K., Sato T.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
278.
Selective Deposition of UCl4and (KCl)x(UCl4)yinside Carbon Nanotubes Using Eutectic and Noneutectic Mixtures of UCl4with KCl
Sloan J., Cook J., Chu A., Zwiefka-Sibley M., Green M.L., Hutchison J.L.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry , 1998
279.
Purification of catalytically produced multi-wall nanotubes
Colomer J., Piedigrosso P., Willems I., Journet C., Bernier P., Van Tendeloo G., Fonseca A., B.Nagy J.
Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions , 1998
280.
Dispersion and packing of carbon nanotubes
Shaffer M.S., Fan X., Windle A.H.
Carbon , 1998
281.
Effect of SF6 addition in the laser synthesis of fullerene and soot from C6H6/O2 or C6H6/N2O sensitized mixtures
Alexandrescu R., Armand X., Cauchetier M., Herlin N., Petcu S., Voicu I.
Carbon , 1998
282.
Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Matrix-Diluted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Krstic V., Duesberg G.S., Muster J., Burghard M., Roth S.
Chemistry of Materials , 1998
284.
286
W. Schedler
1902
285.
Carbon nanotube actuators
Baughman R.H., Cui C., Zakhidov A.A., Iqbal Z., Barisci J.N., Spinks G.M., Wallace G.G., Mazzoldi A., De Rossi D., Rinzler A.G., Jaschinski O., Roth S., Kertesz M.
Science , 1999
286.
Carbon Nanotube Muscles
Inganäs O., Lundstrüm I.
Science , 1999
287.
289
Kopylov V V
Symposium, "Anilino-Krasochnaya Promyshlennost'" (The Aniline Dye Industry) , 1970
288.
Nonlinear Coherent Transport Through Doped Nanotube Junctions
Farajian A.A., Esfarjani K., Kawazoe Y.
Physical Review Letters , 1999
289.
Quantum Sieving in Carbon Nanotubes and Zeolites
Wang Q., Challa S., Sholl D., Johnson J.
Physical Review Letters , 2002
290.
Exploiting the properties of carbon nanotubes for nanolithography
Dai H., Franklin N., Han J.
Applied Physics Letters , 1998
291.
Electrochemistry Using Single Carbon Nanotubes
Campbell J.K., Sun L., Crooks R.M.
Journal of the American Chemical Society , 1999
292.
294
H. I. Schlesinger
J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1937
293.
295
Burlakova E B
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1965
294.
296
H. I. Schlesinger
J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1940
295.
Metal nanoparticles for the catalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes
Laurent C., Flahaut E., Peigney A., Rousset A.
New Journal of Chemistry , 1998
296.
298
J. F. Hardy
1968
297.
299
P. P. Alexander
1949
298.
Chemistry and Physics in One Dimension:  Synthesis and Properties of Nanowires and Nanotubes
Hu J., Odom T.W., Lieber C.M.
Accounts of Chemical Research , 1999
299.
Nanotubes from Carbon
Ajayan P.M.
Chemical Reviews , 1999
302.
The future of the fullerenes
Smalley R.E., Yakobson B.I.
Solid State Communications , 1998