Superconducting MgB₂ and related compounds: synthesis, properties and electronic structure

The discovery of superconductivity in magnesium diboride T_c≈40 K), announced in January 2001, stimulated intensive research into the nature of superconductivity and electrophysical, magnetic and thermodynamic properties and spectroscopic characteristics of MgB₂ and related compounds. The review concerns methods for the synthesis of new MgB₂-based superconductors with more complex chemical composition. Particular emphasis is placed on the results of investigations on the electronic structure and peculiarities of chemical bonding in these compounds. Materials science aspects of practical utilisation of materials based on the new superconductor are analysed. Main results of theoretical and experimental studies in the above-mentioned fields are generalised. The bibliography includes 228 references.