Home / Articles / Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications

Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications

M Yu Koroleva 1
M Yu Koroleva
, 
Evgenii Vasil'evich Yurtov 1
Evgenii Vasil'evich Yurtov
1 D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
10.1070/RC2012v081n01ABEH004219
Published 30 November 2011
Communication , Volume 81, Issue 1, 21-43
217
Share
Cite this
GOST
 | 
Cite this
GOST
Copy cite
Koroleva M. Yu., Yurtov E. V. Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2012. Vol. 81. No. 1. pp. 21-43.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy cite
Koroleva M. Yu., Yurtov E. V. Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2012. Vol. 81. No. 1. pp. 21-43.
RIS
 | 
Cite this
RIS
Copy cite
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1070/RC2012v081n01ABEH004219
UR - https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2012v081n01ABEH004219
TI - Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications
T2 - Russian Chemical Reviews
AU - Koroleva, M Yu
AU - Yurtov, Evgenii Vasil'evich
PY - 2012
DA - 2011/11/30
PB - ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
SP - 21-43
IS - 1
VL - 81
ER -
BibTex
 | 
Cite this
BibTex (up to 50 authors)
Copy cite
@article{2012_Koroleva,
author = {M Yu Koroleva and Evgenii Vasil'evich Yurtov},
title = {Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications},
journal = {Russian Chemical Reviews},
year = {2012},
volume = {81},
publisher = {ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii},
month = {Nov},
url = {https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2012v081n01ABEH004219},
number = {1},
pages = {21--43},
doi = {10.1070/RC2012v081n01ABEH004219}
}
MLA
Cite this
MLA
Copy cite
Koroleva, M. Yu., and Evgenii Vasil'evich Yurtov. “Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications.” Russian Chemical Reviews, vol. 81, no. 1, Nov. 2012, pp. 21-43. https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2012v081n01ABEH004219.
Views / Visits / Downloads
25 / 25 / 7

Abstract

The properties of nanoemulsions and various methods for their preparation including the high-energy and low-energy emulsification methods and the combined methods are reviewed. Among the high-energy methods, the emphasis is placed on high-energy stirring, ultrasonic emulsification, high-pressure homogenization including microfluidics and membrane emulsification. Among the low-energy emulsification methods, the attention is focused on the phase inversion temperature method, the emulsion inversion point method and the spontaneous emulsification. Using a combined method, which includes the high-energy and low-energy emulsification, it is possible to prepare reverse nanoemulsions in highly viscous systems. Main advantages and limitations of different methods of nanoemulsion preparation are discussed and the potential fields of nanoemulsion applications are considered. The bibliography includes 255 references.

References

1.
Nano-emulsions
Solans C., Izquierdo P., Nolla J., Azemar N., Garcia-Celma M.J.
Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science , 2005
2.
Formation and stability of nano-emulsions
Tadros T., Izquierdo P., Esquena J., Solans C.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 2004
4.
Nano-emulsions: New applications and optimization of their preparation
Gutiérrez J.M., González C., Maestro A., Solè I., Pey C.M., Nolla J.
Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science , 2008
5.
Degradation of kinetically-stable o/w emulsions
Capek I.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 2004
6.
6
V. B. Evstigneev
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1953
7.
7
E. Rabinowitch
"Photosynthesis" , 1956
8.
8
V. N. Kondrat'ev
"Kinetika Reaktsii v Gazovoi Faze" (Kinetics of Reactions in the Gas Phase) , 1959
10.
10
T. A. Kryukova
"Polyaro-graficheskii Analiz" (Polarographic Analysis) , 1959
14.
Highly Concentrated Emulsions: Physicochemical Principles of Formulation
Babak V.G., Stébé M.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , 2002
15.
Ostwald ripening in emulsions
Taylor P.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 1998
18.
20
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1954
19.
21
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1958
20.
Oil-in-water nanoemulsions for pesticide formulations
Wang L., Li X., Zhang G., Dong J., Eastoe J.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2007
21.
Nanoemulsions: a new vehicle for skincare products
Sonneville-Aubrun O., Simonnet J.-., L'Alloret F.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 2004
22.
High-Pressure Homogenization as a Process for Emulsion Formation
Schultz S., Wagner G., Urban K., Ulrich J.
Chemical Engineering and Technology , 2004
23.
25
G. W. Robinson
J. Chem. Phys. , 1955
24.
Break up of nano-particle clusters in high-shear devices
Bałdyga J., Orciuch W., Makowski Ł., Malski-Brodzicki M., Malik K.
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification , 2007
25.
An experimental study of transient effects in the breakup of viscous drops
Stone H.A., Bentley B.J., Leal L.G.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , 1986
28.
Ultrasound Emulsification—An Overview
Canselier J.P., Delmas H., Wilhelm A.M., Abismaïl B.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , 2002
29.
Emulsification processes: on-line study by multiple light scattering measurements
Abismaı&#x;l B., Canselier J.P., Wilhelm A.M., Delmas H., Gourdon C.
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry , 2000
30.
Sonolysis of aqueous surfactant solutions: probing the interfacial region of cavitation bubbles by spin trapping
Alegria A.E., Lion Y., Kondo T., Riesz P.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1989
32.
Nano-Emulsion Production by Sonication and Microfluidization—A Comparison
Mahdi Jafari S., He Y., Bhandari B.
International Journal of Food Properties , 2006
33.
The use of ultrasonics for nanoemulsion preparation
Kentish S., Wooster T.J., Ashokkumar M., Balachandran S., Mawson R., Simons L.
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies , 2008
34.
Emulsification by ultrasound: drop size distribution and stability
Abismaı̈l B., Canselier J.P., Wilhelm A.M., Delmas H., Gourdon C.
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry , 1999
35.
Three-phase structure of hexadecane nanoemulsion formed with phospholipid–surfactant mixtures and its novel phase transition temperature TE
Imai Y., Ujiie N., Nakamura A., Koshinuma M., Tajima K.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2006
37.
39
V. F. Gachkovskii
Biofizika , 1959
38.
40
A. A. Krasnovskii
Biofizika , 1960
39.
41
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1950
40.
42
L. K. Obukhova
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk , 1960
42.
Transfer of Oil between Emulsion Droplets
Taisne L., Walstra P., Cabane B.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 1996
43.
Coalescence during emulsification
Lobo L., Svereika A.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2003
44.
Influence of major parameters in emulsification mechanisms using a high-pressure jet
Marie P., Perrier-Cornet J.M., Gervais P.
Journal of Food Engineering , 2002
45.
Crystallized miniemulsions: Influence of operating parameters during high-pressure homogenization on size and shape of particles
Gramdorf S., Hermann S., Hentschel A., Schrader K., Müller R.H., Kumpugdee-Vollrath M., Kraume M.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2008
47.
Effect of high pressure homogenisation on methylcellulose as food emulsifier
Floury J., Desrumaux A., Axelos M.A., Legrand J.
Journal of Food Engineering , 2003
49.
Preparation and characterization of a peptide containing w/o emulsion
Trenktrog T.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 1995
50.
Digital microfluidics: is a true lab-on-a-chip possible?
Fair R.B.
Microfluidics and Nanofluidics , 2007
51.
Integration and detection of biochemical assays in digital microfluidic LOC devices
Malic L., Brassard D., Veres T., Tabrizian M.
Lab on a Chip , 2010
52.
54
R. Livingston
J. Phys. Chem. , 1941
53.
High-Throughput DNA Droplet Assays Using Picoliter Reactor Volumes
Srisa-Art M., deMello A.J., Edel J.B.
Analytical Chemistry , 2007
54.
Development of Quantitative Cell-Based Enzyme Assays in Microdroplets
Huebner A., Olguin L.F., Bratton D., Whyte G., Huck W.T., de Mello A.J., Edel J.B., Abell C., Hollfelder F.
Analytical Chemistry , 2008
55.
Generation of monodisperse alginate microbeads and in situ encapsulation of cell in microfluidic device
Choi C., Jung J., Rhee Y.W., Kim D., Shim S., Lee C.
Biomedical Microdevices , 2007
56.
Integrated Microfluidic Electrochemical DNA Sensor
Ferguson B.S., Buchsbaum S.F., Swensen J.S., Hsieh K., Lou X., Soh H.T.
Analytical Chemistry , 2009
57.
Engineering Flows in Small Devices: Microfluidics Toward a Lab-on-a-Chip
Stone H.A., Stroock A.D., Ajdari A.
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics , 2004
61.
Dripping, Jetting, Drops, and Wetting: The Magic of Microfluidics
Utada A.S., Chu L.-., Fernandez-Nieves A., Link D.R., Holtze C., Weitz D.A.
MRS Bulletin , 2007
62.
Dripping to Jetting Transitions in Coflowing Liquid Streams
Utada A.S., Fernandez-Nieves A., Stone H.A., Weitz D.A.
Physical Review Letters , 2007
63.
Mechanism for clogging of microchannels
Wyss H.M., Blair D.L., Morris J.F., Stone H.A., Weitz D.A.
Physical Review E , 2006
64.
Droplet formation in a microchannel network
Nisisako T., Torii T., Higuchi T.
Lab on a Chip , 2002
65.
Dynamic Pattern Formation in a Vesicle-Generating Microfluidic Device
Thorsen T., Roberts R.W., Arnold F.H., Quake S.R.
Physical Review Letters , 2001
66.
Droplet formation in a T-shaped microchannel junction: A model system for membrane emulsification
van der Graaf S., Steegmans M.L., van der Sman R.G., Schroën C.G., Boom R.M.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2005
67.
Preparation of highly monodisperse droplet in a T-junction microfluidic device
Xu J.H., Li S.W., Tan J., Wang Y.J., Luo G.S.
AICHE Journal , 2006
69.
Formation of dispersions using “flow focusing” in microchannels
Anna S.L., Bontoux N., Stone H.A.
Applied Physics Letters , 2003
70.
Designer emulsions using microfluidics
Shah R.K., Shum H.C., Rowat A.C., Lee D., Agresti J.J., Utada A.S., Chu L., Kim J., Fernandez-Nieves A., Martinez C.J., Weitz D.A.
Materials Today , 2008
71.
An Axisymmetric Flow-Focusing Microfluidic Device
Takeuchi S., Garstecki P., Weibel D.B., Whitesides G.M.
Advanced Materials , 2005
72.
Monodisperse Emulsion Generation via Drop Break Off in a Coflowing Stream
Umbanhowar P.B., Prasad V., Weitz D.A.
Langmuir , 1999
73.
Formation of droplets and bubbles in a microfluidic T-junction—scaling and mechanism of break-up
Garstecki P., Fuerstman M.J., Stone H.A., Whitesides G.M.
Lab on a Chip , 2006
77.
Droplet breakup in microfluidic junctions of arbitrary angles
Ménétrier-Deremble L., Tabeling P.
Physical Review E , 2006
78.
Hydrodynamic control of droplet division in bifurcating microchannel and its application to particle synthesis
Yamada M., Doi S., Maenaka H., Yasuda M., Seki M.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2008
79.
A Microfluidic System for Controlling Reaction Networks in Time
Song H., Tice J.D., Ismagilov R.F.
Angewandte Chemie - International Edition , 2003
80.
Electric Control of Droplets in Microfluidic Devices
Link D.R., Grasland-Mongrain E., Duri A., Sarrazin F., Cheng Z., Cristobal G., Marquez M., Weitz D.A.
Angewandte Chemie - International Edition , 2006
81.
A Complete Microfluidic Screening Platform for Rational Protein Crystallization
Lau B.T., Baitz C.A., Dong X.P., Hansen C.L.
Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2006
82.
Geometrically Mediated Breakup of Drops in Microfluidic Devices
Link D.R., Anna S.L., Weitz D.A., Stone H.A.
Physical Review Letters , 2004
83.
Production of arrays of chemically distinct nanolitre plugs via repeated splitting in microfluidic devices
Adamson D.N., Mustafi D., Zhang J.X., Zheng B., Ismagilov R.F.
Lab on a Chip , 2006
84.
Transport of wetting liquid plugs in bifurcating microfluidic channels
Ody C.P., Baroud C.N., de Langre E.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2007
85.
Optimization of nano-emulsions production by microfluidization
Jafari S.M., He Y., Bhandari B.
European Food Research and Technology , 2006
86.
Formation of Concentrated Nanoemulsions by Extreme Shear
Meleson K., Graves S., Mason T.G.
Soft Materials , 2004
88.
Controlled production of emulsions and particles by milli- and microfluidic techniques
Engl W., Backov R., Panizza P.
Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science , 2008
89.
Controlled production of hierarchically organized large emulsions and particles using assemblies on line of co-axial flow devices
Panizza P., Engl W., Hany C., Backov R.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2008
91.
93
V. B. Evstigneev
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1956
92.
Recent developments in manufacturing emulsions and particulate products using membranes.
Vladisavljević G.T., Williams R.A.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 2005
93.
Preparation of double emulsions by membrane emulsification?a review
VANDERGRAAF S., SCHROEN C., BOOM R.
Journal of Membrane Science , 2005
96.
98
W. Franke
Chem. Zentr. , 1954
97.
Quantitative analysis of coupling effects in cross-flow membrane emulsification
De Luca G., Sindona A., Giorno L., Drioli E.
Journal of Membrane Science , 2004
99.
Transport mechanism of deformable droplets in microfiltration of emulsions
Park S., Yamaguchi T., Nakao S.
Chemical Engineering Science , 2001
100.
Effect of process parameters on nanoemulsion droplet size and distribution in SPG membrane emulsification
Oh D.H., Balakrishnan P., Oh Y., Kim D., Yong C.S., Choi H.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2011
101.
Preparation characteristics of oil-in-water emulsions using differently charged surfactants in straight-through microchannel emulsification
Kobayashi I., Nakajima M., Mukataka S.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2003
107.
Nano-emulsion formation by emulsion phase inversion
Fernandez P., André V., Rieger J., Kühnle A.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2004
108.
110
M. F. Shostakovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1960
110.
Emulsification and the HLB-temperature
Friberg S., Solans C.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 1978
111.
The influence of surfactant mixing ratio on nano-emulsion formation by the pit method
Izquierdo P., Feng J., Esquena J., Tadros T.F., Dederen J.C., Garcia M.J., Azemar N., Solans C.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2005
112.
Influence of microemulsion phases on the preparation of fine-disperse emulsions
Förster T., Von Rybinski W., Wadle A.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 1995
113.
Phase Behavior and Nano-emulsion Formation by the Phase Inversion Temperature Method
Izquierdo P., Esquena J., Tadros T.F., Dederen J.C., Feng J., Garcia-Celma M.J., Azemar N., Solans C.
Langmuir , 2004
114.
Oil/Water Droplet Formation by Temperature Change in the Water/C16E6/Mineral Oil System
Morales D., Solans C., Gutiérrez J.M., Garcia-Celma M.J., Olsson U.
Langmuir , 2006
115.
Phase transitions in O/W lauryl acrylate emulsions during phase inversion, studied by light microscopy and cryo-TEM
Spernath L., Regev O., Levi-Kalisman Y., Magdassi S.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2009
116.
A Study of the Relation between Bicontinuous Microemulsions and Oil/Water Nano-emulsion Formation
Morales D., Gutiérrez J.M., García-Celma M.J., Solans Y.C.
Langmuir , 2003
117.
The universality of low-energy nano-emulsification
Anton N., Vandamme T.F.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2009
119.
O/W nano-emulsions with tunable PIT induced by inorganic salts
Mei Z., Xu J., Sun D.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2011
120.
Droplet size and stability of nano-emulsions produced by the temperature phase inversion method
Ee S.L., Duan X., Liew J., Nguyen Q.D.
Chemical Engineering Journal , 2008
121.
Stabilization of Phase Inversion Temperature Nanoemulsions by Surfactant Displacement
Rao J., McClements D.J.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 2010
122.
Using emulsion inversion in industrial processes
Salager J., Forgiarini A., Márquez L., Peña A., Pizzino A., Rodriguez M.P., Rondón-González M.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 2004
123.
Thermodynamic aspects of emulsion phase inversion
Dickinson E.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 1982
124.
126
J. Wiemannand Ch. Clachet
Compt. rend. , 1948
126.
Studies on the formation of O/W nano-emulsions, by low-energy emulsification methods, suitable for pharmaceutical applications
Sadurní N., Solans C., Azemar N., García-Celma M.J.
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2005
127.
Physicochemical Characterization of Canola Oil/Water Nano‐emulsions Obtained by Determination of Required HLB Number and Emulsion Phase Inversion Methods
Moreira de Morais J., David Henrique dos Santos O., Delicato T., Azzini Gonçalves R., Alves da Rocha‐Filho P.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , 2006
128.
Effect of the molecular structure of mixed nonionic surfactants on the temperature of miniemulsion formation
Dai L., Li W., Hou X.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 1997
129.
Formation of tetradecane nanoemulsion by low-energy emulsification methods
Schalbart P., Kawaji M., Fumoto K.
International Journal of Refrigeration , 2010
130.
Formation and stability of paraffin oil-in-water nano-emulsions prepared by the emulsion inversion point method
Liu W., Sun D., Li C., Liu Q., Xu J.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2006
131.
Nanoemulsions Prepared by a Low-Energy Emulsification Method Applied to Edible Films
Bilbao-Sáinz C., Avena-Bustillos R.J., Wood D.F., Williams T.G., McHugh T.H.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 2010
132.
Formation and properties of miniemulsions formed by microemulsions dilution
Pons R., Carrera I., Caelles J., Rouch J., Panizza P.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science , 2003
133.
Formation and stability of miniemulsions produced by dispersion of water/oil/surfactants concentrates in a large amount of water
Lamaallam S., Bataller H., Dicharry C., Lachaise J.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2005
134.
Cutting fluid emulsions produced by dilution of a cutting fluid concentrate containing a cationic/nonionic surfactant mixture
Bataller H., Lamaallam S., Lachaise J., Graciaa A., Dicharry C.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2004
135.
Nanoemulsions Prepared by a Two-Step Low-Energy Process
Wang L., Mutch K.J., Eastoe J., Heenan R.K., Dong J.
Langmuir , 2008
136.
138
S. Ono
J. Chem. Soc. Japan , 1957
137.
Spontaneous Emulsification: Mechanisms, Physicochemical Aspects, Modeling, and Applications
López-Montilla J.C., Herrera-Morales P.E., Pandey S., Shah D.O.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , 2002
138.
140
1912
139.
141
Friedl.
140.
142
1913
141.
143
Friedl.
143.
Oscillating Droplets
LEWIS J.B., PRATT H.R.
Nature , 1953
144.
Pulsation and Mass Transfer of Pendent Liquid Droplets
GARNER F.H., NUTT C.W., MOHTADI M.F.
Nature , 1955
147.
149
V. V. Korshak
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1954
149.
151
V. M. Rodionov
Zhur. Obshch. Khim. , 1936
150.
Effect of Diffusion on Interfacial Taylor Instability
Aranow R.H., Witten L.
Physics of Fluids , 1963
152.
The process of spontaneous emulsification
van der Waarden M.
Journal of Colloid Science , 1952
153.
Behavior of Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Drops Injected into Dilute Solutions of an Amine Oxide Surfactant
Rang M., Miller C.A., Hoffmann H.H., Thunig C.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 1996
156.
Small-angle neutron scattering study of a world-wide known emulsion: Le Pastis
Grillo I.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2003
161.
The role of water solubility of the oil phase in the formation of miniemulsions
Brouwer W.M., El-Aasser M.S., Vanderhoff J.W.
Colloids and Surfaces , 1986
162.
A novel approach to the preparation of injectable emulsions by a spontaneous emulsification process
Yu W., do Egito E.S., Barratt G., Fessi H., Devissaguet J.P., Puisieux F.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 1993
164.
Nano-emulsion formulation using spontaneous emulsification: solvent, oil and surfactant optimisation
Bouchemal K., Briançon S., Perrier E., Fessi H.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2004
165.
Design of nanoparticles of less than 50 nm diameter: preparation, characterization and drug loading
Seijo B., Fattal E., Roblot-Treupel L., Couvreur P.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 1990
166.
168
1918
168.
Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles containing an antihypertensive agent
Leroueil-Le Verger M., Fluckiger L., Kim Y., Hoffman M., Maincent P.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , 1998
169.
Formation and stabilization of a biodegradable polymeric colloidal suspension of nanoparticles
Stainmesse S., Orecchioni A.-., Nakache E., Puisieux F., Fessi H.
Colloid and Polymer Science , 1995
170.
Preparation of nanoparticles by solvent displacement for drug delivery: A shift in the “ouzo region” upon drug loading
Beck-Broichsitter M., Rytting E., Lebhardt T., Wang X., Kissel T.
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2010
171.
Novel Process for Producing Cubic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles (Cubosomes)
Spicer P.T., Hayden K.L., Lynch M.L., Ofori-Boateng A., Burns J.L.
Langmuir , 2001
172.
Preparation of Polymer Particles in Nonaqueous Direct and Inverse Miniemulsions
Landfester K., Willert M., Antonietti M.
Macromolecules , 2000
173.
Reverse water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions and microemulsions obtained with a fluorinated surfactant
Courrier H.M., Vandamme T.F., Krafft M.P.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2004
175.
Studies of formation of W/O nano-emulsions
Porras M., Solans C., González C., Martínez A., Guinart A., Gutiérrez J.M.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2004
176.
Properties of water-in-oil (W/O) nano-emulsions prepared by a low-energy emulsification method
Porras M., Solans C., González C., Gutiérrez J.M.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2008
178.
181
Chem. Abs. , 1947
180.
183
Chem. Abs. , 1947
181.
A Nanoemulsion Formulation of Tamoxifen Increases Its Efficacy in a Breast Cancer Cell Line
Tagne J., Kakumanu S., Ortiz D., Shea T., Nicolosi R.J.
Molecular Pharmaceutics , 2008
182.
Magnetic nanoemulsions as drug delivery system for Foscan®: Skin permeation and retention in vitro assays for topical application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancer
Primo F.L., Michieleto L., Rodrigues M.A., Macaroff P.P., Morais P.C., Lacava Z.G., Bentley M.V., Tedesco A.C.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials , 2007
183.
Binding and photophysical studies of biocompatible magnetic fluid in biological medium and development of magnetic nanoemulsion: A new candidate for cancer treatment
Primo F.L., Macaroff P.P., Lacava Z.G., Azevedo R.B., Morais P.C., Tedesco A.C.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials , 2007
184.
Development of immune response that protects mice from viral pneumonitis after a single intranasal immunization with influenza A virus and nanoemulsion
Myc A., Kukowska-Latallo J.F., Bielinska A.U., Cao P., Myc P.P., Janczak K., Sturm T.R., Grabinski M.S., Landers J.J., Young K.S., Chang J., Hamouda T., Olszewski M.A., Baker J.R.
Vaccine , 2003
185.
Enhancement of potent antibody and T-cell responses by a single-dose, novel nanoemulsion-formulated pandemic influenza vaccine
Huang M., Huang C., Lin S., Chen J., Ku C., Chou A., Liu S., Chen H., Chong P., Leng C.
Microbes and Infection , 2009
187.
Inactivation of Ebola virus with a surfactant nanoemulsion
Chepurnov A.A., Bakulina L.F., Dadaeva A.A., Ustinova E.N., Chepurnova T.S., Baker J.R.
Acta Tropica , 2003
189.
Nanoemulsions as vehicles for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac
Shakeel F., Baboota S., Ahuja A., Ali J., Aqil M., Shafiq S.
AAPS PharmSciTech , 2007
190.
Increased bioavailability of a transdermal application of a nano-sized emulsion preparation
Kotyla T., Kuo F., Moolchandani V., Wilson T., Nicolosi R.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2008
191.
Topical transport of hydrophilic compounds using water-in-oil nanoemulsions.
Wu H., Ramachandran C., Weiner N.D., Roessler B.J.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2001
192.
Self-delivering Nanoemulsions for Dual Fluorine-19 MRI and Fluorescence Detection
Janjic J.M., Srinivas M., Kadayakkara D.K., Ahrens E.T.
Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2008
193.
Human skin penetration and distribution of nimesulide from hydrophilic gels containing nanocarriers
Alves M.P., Scarrone A.L., Santos M., Pohlmann A.R., Guterres S.S.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2007
194.
Parenteral emulsions for drug delivery
Collins-Gold L.C., Lyons R.T., Bartholow L.C.
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews , 1990
195.
Intranasal nanoemulsion based brain targeting drug delivery system of risperidone
Kumar M., Misra A., Babbar A.K., Mishra A.K., Mishra P., Pathak K.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2008
196.
Polyreactions in miniemulsions
Antonietti M.
Progress in Polymer Science , 2002
197.
Miniemulsion polymerization
Asua J.M.
Progress in Polymer Science , 2002
198.
201
A. Aladjem
1969
199.
Synthesis of large, high-solid-content latexes by miniemulsion polymerization
Do Amaral M., Asua J.M.
Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry , 2004
200.
10.1021/ma990299+
201.
Superparamagnetic Latex via Inverse Emulsion Polymerization
Wormuth K.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2001
202.
Inverse Miniemulsion ATRP:  A New Method for Synthesis and Functionalization of Well-Defined Water-Soluble/Cross-Linked Polymeric Particles
Oh J.K., Tang C., Gao H., Tsarevsky N.V., Matyjaszewski K.
Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2006
203.
206
J. Petersen
Z. Phys. Chem. , 1900
204.
Nanocapsule Technology: A Review
Couvreur P., Barratt G., Fattal E., Vauthier C.
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems , 2002
205.
Polyisobutylcyanoacrylate Nanocapsules Containing an Aqueous Core as a Novel Colloidal Carrier for the Delivery of Oligonucleotides
Lambert G., Fattal E., Pinto-Alphandary H., Gulik A., Couvreur P.
Pharmaceutical Research , 2000
206.
Nanoparticulate systems for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides.
Lambert G., Fattal E., Couvreur P.
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews , 2001
207.
Preparation of Polymeric Nanocapsules by Miniemulsion Polymerization
Tiarks F., Landfester K., Antonietti M.
Langmuir , 2001
211.
Encapsulation of nanosized magnetic iron oxide by polyacrylamide via inverse miniemulsion polymerization
Xu Z.Z., Wang C.C., Yang W.L., Deng Y.H., Fu S.K.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials , 2004
214.
One-step preparation of PS/TiO2 nanocomposite particles via miniemulsion polymerization
Wu Y., Zhang Y., Xu J., Chen M., Wu L.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2010
215.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanospheres in Aqueous Dispersion Prepared by a Miniemulsion Process
Landfester K., Montenegro R., Scherf U., Güntner R., Asawapirom U., Patil S., Neher D., Kietzke T.
Advanced Materials , 2002
216.
Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Review of the Formulation and Process Difficulties Illustrated by the Emulsion-Diffusion Process
Moinard-Checot D., Chevalier Y., Briançon S., Fessi H., Guinebretière S.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 2006
218.
Poly(d,l-lactic acid) nanoparticle preparation and colloidal characterization
Trimaille T., Pichot C., Ela�ssari A., Fessi H., Brian�on S., Delair T.
Colloid and Polymer Science , 2003
219.
Stability and physicochemical characteristics of PLGA, PLGA:poloxamer and PLGA:poloxamine blend nanoparticles
Santander-Ortega M.J., Csaba N., Alonso M.J., Ortega-Vinuesa J.L., Bastos-González D.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2007
221.
Nanosized Emulsions Stabilized by Semisolid Polymer Interphase
Nam Y.S., Kim J., Shim J., Han S.H., Kim H.K.
Langmuir , 2010
223.
226
Chem. Abs. , 1961
224.
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery. I. Production, characterization and sterilization
Schwarz C., Mehnert W., Lucks J.S., Müller R.H.
Journal of Controlled Release , 1994
225.
Design of lipid nanoparticles for the oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules
Garcı́a-Fuentes M., Torres D., Alonso M.J.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces , 2003
226.
A nanometer lipid emulsion, lipid nano-sphere (LNS®), as a parenteral drug carrier for passive drug targeting
Seki J., Sonoke S., Saheki A., Fukui H., Sasaki H., Mayumi T.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2004
227.
Cosmetic applications for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
Wissing S.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2003
228.
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic dermal products☆
MULLER R., PETERSEN R., HOMMOSS A., PARDEIKE J.
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews , 2007
230.
233
P. Cotter
J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 1956
231.
NMR relaxometric investigations of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing gadolinium(III) complexes
Morel S., Terreno E., Ugazio E., Aime S., Gasco M.R.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , 1998
233.
Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles by a solvent emulsification–diffusion technique
Trotta M., Debernardi F., Caputo O.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2003
234.
Oral solid lipid nanoparticle-based antitubercular chemotherapy
Pandey R., Sharma S., Khuller G.K.
Tuberculosis , 2005
235.
238
Brown G P
Am. Chem. Soc., Polymer Preprints , 1964
236.
Preparation and characteristics of monostearin nanostructured lipid carriers
Hu F., Jiang S., Du Y., Yuan H., Ye Y., Zeng S.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2006
237.
240
W. A. Waters
"The Chemistry of Free Radicals" , 1948
238.
New lipid nanocapsules exhibit sustained release properties for amiodarone
Lamprecht A., Bouligand Y., Benoit J.
Journal of Controlled Release , 2002
240.
243
G. A. Kudintseva
1958
241.
244
C. Wilson
Record. Chem. Prog. , 1949
242.
245
G. A. Meerson
1958
243.
246
G. A. Meerson
Byull. Izobr. , 1968
244.
247
E. I. Levkoeva
Khim. Geterotsikl. Soed. , 1976
245.
248
M. Ya. Fioshin
Plasticheskie Massy , 1960
246.
249
A. I. Fedorova
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1961
247.
250
D. Goerrig
1955
248.
251
D. Goerrig
Chem. Abs. , 1959
249.
Detergency in spontaneously formed emulsions
Srivastava V.K., Kini G., Rout D.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2006
250.
Ceramic particles obtained using W/O nano-emulsions as reaction media
Porras M., Martínez A., Solans C., González C., Gutiérrez J.M.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects , 2005
252.
Indium tin oxide nano-particles through an emulsion technique
Sujatha Devi P., Chatterjee M., Ganguli D.
Materials Letters , 2002
254.
Continuous nanoparticle production by microfluidic-based emulsion, mixing and crystallization
Su Y.-., Kim H., Kovenklioglu S., Lee W.Y.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry , 2007
255.
Synthesis of carbonated hydroxyapatite nanospheres through nanoemulsion
Zhou W.Y., Wang M., Cheung W.L., Guo B.C., Jia D.M.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine , 2007