Home / Articles / Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy

Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy

Lubov Georgievna Dezhenkova 1
Lubov Georgievna Dezhenkova
, 
Vladimir Borisovich Tsvetkov 2, 3
Vladimir Borisovich Tsvetkov
, 
1 G. F. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
2 A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
3 Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
4 N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
10.1070/RC2014v083n01ABEH004363
Published 30 November 2013
Communication , Volume 83, Issue 1, 82-94
26
Share
Cite this
GOST
 | 
Cite this
GOST
Copy cite
Dezhenkova L. G., Tsvetkov V. B., Shtil A. A. Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2014. Vol. 83. No. 1. pp. 82-94.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy cite
Dezhenkova L. G., Tsvetkov V. B., Shtil A. A. Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2014. Vol. 83. No. 1. pp. 82-94.
RIS
 | 
Cite this
RIS
Copy cite
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1070/RC2014v083n01ABEH004363
UR - https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2014v083n01ABEH004363
TI - Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy
T2 - Russian Chemical Reviews
AU - Dezhenkova, Lubov Georgievna
AU - Tsvetkov, Vladimir Borisovich
AU - Shtil, A A
PY - 2014
DA - 2013/11/30
PB - ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
SP - 82-94
IS - 1
VL - 83
ER -
BibTex
 | 
Cite this
BibTex (up to 50 authors)
Copy cite
@article{2014_Dezhenkova,
author = {Lubov Georgievna Dezhenkova and Vladimir Borisovich Tsvetkov and A A Shtil},
title = {Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy},
journal = {Russian Chemical Reviews},
year = {2014},
volume = {83},
publisher = {ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii},
month = {Nov},
url = {https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2014v083n01ABEH004363},
number = {1},
pages = {82--94},
doi = {10.1070/RC2014v083n01ABEH004363}
}
MLA
Cite this
MLA
Copy cite
Dezhenkova, Lubov Georgievna, et al. “Inhibitors of topoisomerases I and II: chemical structure, mechanisms of action and the role in cancer chemotherapy.” Russian Chemical Reviews, vol. 83, no. 1, Nov. 2014, pp. 82-94. https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RC2014v083n01ABEH004363.
Views / Visits / Downloads
22 / 22 / 7

Abstract

The modern literature data on topoisomerase I and II inhibitors as potential antitumour drugs are integrated and analyzed. The functions and mechanisms of action of topoisomerases and the molecular mechanisms of interaction of low molecular weight compounds with topoisomerases are considered. The topoisomerase inhibitors of a variety of chemical classes are described systematically. The tests used to elucidate the topoisomerase inhibition and the potential of computer-assisted modelling for the rational design of new drugs for cancer chemotherapy are presented.

Bibliography --- 127 references.

References

1.
1
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1948
2.
2
A. A. Krasnovskii
Zhur. Fiz. Khim. , 1956
3.
3
M. F. Shostakovskii
"Prostye Vinilovye Efiry" (Vinyl Ethers) , 1952
4.
Structure and mechanism of action of type IA DNA topoisomerases
Bugreev D.V., Nevinsky G.A.
Biochemistry (Moscow) , 2009
5.
5
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1953
6.
Mechanism of action of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I and drugs targeted to the enzyme.
Pommier Y., Pourquier P., Fan Y., Strumberg D.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression , 1998
10.
11
T. T. Bannister
Diss. Abstr. , 1959
11.
Catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitors in cancer therapy
Larsen A.K., Escargueil A.E., Skladanowski A.
Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 2003
12.
13
V. B. Evstigneev
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1954
13.
Non-camptothecin DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Ling-hua M., Zhi-yong L., Pommier Y.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry , 2003
14.
15
A. S. Holt
"Research in Photosynthesis" , 1957
15.
14-Azacamptothecin:  A Potent Water-Soluble Topoisomerase I Poison
Cheng K., Rahier N.J., Eisenhauer B.M., Gao R., Thomas S.J., Hecht S.M.
Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2004
16.
Camptothecin: current perspectives
Thomas C.J., Rahier N.J., Hecht S.M.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , 2004
20.
Drugging Topoisomerases: Lessons and Challenges
Pommier Y.
ACS Chemical Biology , 2013
22.
Review Camptothecin: Current Perspectives
Li Q., Zu Y., Shi R., Yao L.
Current Medicinal Chemistry , 2006
23.
Nonlinear partial differential equations and applications: The mechanism of topoisomerase I poisoning by a camptothecin analog
Staker B.L., Hjerrild K., Feese M.D., Behnke C.A., Burgin A.B., Stewart L.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 2002
25.
27
A. A. Krasnovskii
Biofizika , 1956
27.
29
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1951
28.
Structural Basis of Topotecan−DNA Recognition Probed by Flow Linear Dichroism, Circular Dichroism, and Raman Spectroscopy
Streltsov S., Sukhanova A., Mikheikin A., Grokhovsky S., Zhuze A., Kudelina I., Mochalov K., Oleinikov V., Jardillier J., Nabiev I.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 2001
29.
Interaction of Topotecan, DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, with Double-stranded Polydeoxyribonucleotides. 3. Binding at the Minor Groove
Strel'tsov S.A., Mikheikin A.L., Grokhovsky S.L., Oleinikov V.A., Zhuze A.L.
Molecular Biology , 2002
30.
32
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1952
31.
33
M. B. Neiman
"Issledovanie Mekhanizma Okisleniya Butana" (Research on the Mechanism of the Oxidation of Butane) , 1939
32.
Contributions of the D-Ring to the Activity of Etoposide against Human Topoisomerase IIα: Potential Interactions with DNA in the Ternary Enzyme–Drug–DNA Complex
Pitts S.L., Jablonksy M.J., Duca M., Dauzonne D., Monneret C., Arimondo P.B., Anklin C., Graves D.E., Osheroff N.
Biochemistry , 2011
34.
36
J. Billon
Bull. Soc. chim. France , 1960
35.
The Interaction of Coumarin Antibiotics with Fragments of the DNA Gyrase B Protein
Gormley N.A., Orphanides G., Meyer A., Cullis P.M., Maxwell A.
Biochemistry , 1996
36.
38
V. B. Evstigneev
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1956
37.
Induction of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage by aclarubicin, a dual topoisomerase inhibitor
Hajji N., Mateos S., Pastor N., Domínguez I., Cortés F.
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis , 2005
39.
Structures of three classes of anticancer agents bound to the human topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex.
Staker B.L., Feese M.D., Cushman M., Pommier Y., Zembower D., Stewart L., Burgin A.B.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2005
42.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 14-Substituted Aromathecins as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Cinelli M.A., Morrell A., Dexheimer T.S., Scher E.S., Pommier Y., Cushman M.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2008
43.
45
W. Hendrich
Roczniki Chemii , 1958
44.
Syntheses and Biological Activities of Rebeccamycin Analogues with Uncommon Sugars
Zhang G., Shen J., Cheng H., Zhu L., Fang L., Luo S., Muller M.T., Lee G.E., Wei L., Du Y., Sun D., Wang P.G.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2005
46.
Semi-synthesis, topoisomerase I and kinases inhibitory properties, and antiproliferative activities of new rebeccamycin derivatives.
Moreau P., Gaillard N., Marminon C., Anizon F., Dias N., Baldeyrou B., Bailly C., Pierré A., Hickman J., Pfeiffer B., Renard P., Prudhomme M.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , 2003
47.
Induction of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage by antitumor indolocarbazole derivatives.
Yamashita Y., Fujii N., Murakata C., Ashizawa T., Okabe M., Nakano H.
Biochemistry , 1992
49.
Phase I Trial of 72-Hour Continuous Infusion UCN-01 in Patients With Refractory Neoplasms
Sausville E.A., Arbuck S.G., Messmann R., Headlee D., Bauer K.S., Lush R.M., Murgo A., Figg W.D., Lahusen T., Jaken S., Jing X., Roberge M., Fuse E., Kuwabara T., Senderowicz A.M., et. al.
Journal of Clinical Oncology , 2001
51.
Protein-linked DNA strand breaks induced by NSC 314622, a novel noncamptothecin topoisomerase I poison.
Kohlhagen G., Paull K.D., Cushman M., Nagafuji P., Pommier Y.
Molecular Pharmacology , 1998
52.
Alcohol-, Diol-, and Carbohydrate-Substituted Indenoisoquinolines as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors: Investigating the Relationships Involving Stereochemistry, Hydrogen Bonding, and Biological Activity
Peterson K.E., Cinelli M.A., Morrell A.E., Mehta A., Dexheimer T.S., Agama K., Antony S., Pommier Y., Cushman M.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2011
53.
7-Azaindenoisoquinolines as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors and Potential Anticancer Agents
Kiselev E., DeGuire S., Morrell A., Agama K., Dexheimer T.S., Pommier Y., Cushman M.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2011
54.
Synthesis of Cytotoxic Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Poisons
Strumberg D., Pommier Y., Paull K., Jayaraman M., Nagafuji P., Cushman M.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 1999
55.
A Novel DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitor with Different Mechanism from Camptothecin Induces G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest to K562 Cells
Wu N., Wu X., Agama K., Pommier Y., Du J., Li D., Gu L., Huang Z., An L.
Biochemistry , 2010
56.
58
N. E. Khomutov
1953
57.
Induction of Reversible Complexes between Eukaryotic DNA Topoisomerase I and DNA-containing Oxidative Base Damages
Pourquier P., Ueng L., Fertala J., Wang D., Park H., Essigmann J.M., Bjornsti M., Pommier Y.
Journal of Biological Chemistry , 1999
58.
Anthocyanin-Rich Blackberry Extract Suppresses the DNA-Damaging Properties of Topoisomerase I and II Poisons in Colon Carcinoma Cells
Esselen M., Boettler U., Teller N., Bächler S., Hutter M., Rüfer C.E., Skrbek S., Marko D.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 2011
59.
The structures of quadruplex nucleic acids and their drug complexes
Neidle S.
Current Opinion in Structural Biology , 2009
60.
A structural analysis of G-quadruplex/ligand interactions.
Haider S.M., Neidle S., Parkinson G.N.
Biochimie , 2011
61.
Novel Antitumor L‐Arabinose Derivative of Indolocarbazole with High Affinity to DNA
Kaluzhny D., Tatarskiy V., Dezhenkova L., Plikhtyak I., Miniker T., Shchyolkina A., Strel'tsov S., Chilov G., Novikov F., Kubasova I., Smirnova Z., Mel'nik S., Livshits M., Borisova O., Shtil A., et. al.
ChemMedChem , 2009
62.
64
Chem. Zentr. II , 1931
65.
Acetyl-boswellic acids are novel catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerases I and IIalpha.
Syrovets T., Büchele B., Gedig E., Slupsky J.R., Simmet T.
Molecular Pharmacology , 2000
66.
Dual Topoisomerase I / II Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
Denny W., Baguley B.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry , 2003
68.
Topoisomerase I/II inhibition by a novel naphthoquinone containing a modified anthracycline ring system
Kennedy S., DiCesare J.C., Sheaff R.J.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 2011
69.
Naphtho[2,3-f]indole-5,10-dione aminoalkyl derivatives: A new class of topoisomerase I inhibitors
Dezhenkova L.G., Susova O.Y., Shchekotikhin A.E., Preobrazhenskaya M.N., Shtil A.A.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine , 2008
70.
72
A. F. Lukovnikov
"Starenie i Stabilizatsiya Polimerov" (Aging arid Stabilisation of Polymers) , 1963
71.
Naphthoindole-based analogues of tryptophan and tryptamine: Synthesis and cytotoxic properties
Shchekotikhin A.E., Dezhenkova L.G., Susova O.Y., Glazunova V.A., Luzikov Y.N., Sinkevich Y.B., Buyanov V.N., Shtil A.A., Preobrazhenskaya M.N.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , 2007
72.
poster session B
Annals of Oncology , 2008
73.
The first series of 4,11-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]anthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-diones: Synthesis and anti-proliferative characteristics
Shchekotikhin A.E., Glazunova V.A., Dezhenkova L.G., Shevtsova E.K., Traven’ V.F., Balzarini J., Huang H., Shtil A.A., Preobrazhenskaya M.N.
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2011
76.
Doxorubicin inhibits human DNA topoisomerase I
David Foglesong P., Reckord C., Swink S.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology , 1992
77.
Stabilization of type I topoisomerase-DNA covalent complexes by actinomycin D.
Trask D.K., Muller M.T.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 1988
78.
80
N. N. Mel'nikov
Zhur. Obshch. Khim. , 1937
79.
81
J. C. Ghosh
J. Indian Chem. Soc. , 1934
80.
Szmigiero L., Oszczapowicz I., Wasowska-Łukawska M., Studzian K., Kik K.
Acta Biochimica Polonica , 2009
81.
DNA Topoisomerase II Structures and Anthracycline Activity: Insights into Ternary Complex Formation
Dal Ben D., Palumbo M., Zagotto G., Capranico G., Moro S.
Current Pharmaceutical Design , 2007
82.
Effects of morpholinyl doxorubicins, doxorubicin, and actinomycin D on mammalian DNA topoisomerases I and II.
Wassermann K., Markovits J., Jaxel C., Capranico G., Kohn K.W., Pommier Y.
Molecular Pharmacology , 1990
83.
Anthracycline antibiotics and their derivatives, inhibitors of topoisomerase I
Dezhenkova L.G., Tevyashova A.N., Olsuf’eva E.N., Treshchalin I.D., Shtil A.A., Preobrazhenskaya M.N.
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry , 2008
84.
86
V. B. Evstigneev
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1958
85.
Important differences between topoisomerase-I and -II targeting agents
Banerji S., Los M.
Cancer Biology and Therapy , 2006
86.
DNA minor groove-binding ligands: a different class of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors.
Chen A.Y., Yu C., Gatto B., Liu L.F.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 1993
88.
Catalytic transformations of supercoiled DNA as studied by flow linear dichroism technique
Gabibov A., Yakubovskaya E., Lukin M., Favorov P., Reshetnyak A., Monastyrsky M.
FEBS Journal , 2005
89.
Disordering of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex with Novel Antiproliferative Anthrathiophenedione
Kaluzhny D., Ilyinsky N., Shchekotikhin A., Sinkevich Y., Tsvetkov P.O., Tsvetkov V., Veselovsky A., Livshits M., Borisova O., Shtil A., Shchyolkina A.
PLoS ONE , 2011
90.
92
A. A. Krasnovskii
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1948
91.
93
V. B. Evstigneev
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1956
92.
94
A. A. Krasnovskii
Fiziologiya Rastenii , 1957
93.
DNA structural alterations induced by bis-netropsins modulate human DNA topoisomerase I cleavage activity and poisoning by camptothecin
Sukhanova A., Grokhovsky S., Ermishov M., Mochalov K., Zhuze A., Oleinikov V., Nabiev I.
Biochemical Pharmacology , 2002
94.
96
L. M. Vorob'eva
Biokhimiya , 1958
95.
Effects of analogs of the DNA minor groove binder Hoechst 33258 on topoisomerase II and I mediated activities
Beerman T.A., McHugh M.M., Sigmund R., Lown J.W., Rao K.E., Bathini Y.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression , 1992
96.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Terbenzimidazoles as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Sun Q., Gatto B., Yu C., Liu A., Liu L.F., LaVoie E.J.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 1995
98.
Modification of the antibiotic olivomycin I at the 2′-keto group of the side chain. Novel derivatives, antitumor and topoisomerase I-poisoning activity
Tevyashova A.N., Zbarsky E.N., Balzarini J., Shtil A.A., Dezhenkova L.G., Bukhman V.M., Zbarsky V.B., Preobrazhenskaya M.N.
Journal of Antibiotics , 2009
99.
Altered transcription and replication are the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of antitumor antibiotic olivomycin A
Cheglakov I.B., Tevyashova A.N., Kurbatov L.K., Tatarsky V.V., Samusenko A.V., Preobrazhenskaya M.N., Shtil A.A.
Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics , 2010
100.
102
F. Fichter
Helv. Chim. Acta , 1922
101.
103
L. N. Bell
Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1956
102.
The aureolic acid family of antitumor compounds: structure, mode of action, biosynthesis, and novel derivatives
Lombó F., Menéndez N., Salas J.A., Méndez C.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 2006
103.
Olivomycin Induces Tumor Cell Apoptosis and Suppresses p53-Induced Transcription
Simonova V.S., Samusenko A.V., Filippova N.A., Tevyashova A.N., Lyniv L.S., Kulik G.I., Chekhun V.F., Shtil’ A.A.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine , 2005
106.
109
F. Ficher
Bull. Soc. chim. France (4) , 1916
107.
DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I in the presence of indolocarbazole derivatives of rebeccamycin.
Bailly C., Riou J., Colson P., Houssier C., Rodrigues-Pereira E., Prudhomme M.
Biochemistry , 1997
109.
Dynamic proteomics in modeling of the living cell. Protein-protein interactions
Terentiev A.A., Moldogazieva N.T., Shaitan K.V.
Biochemistry (Moscow) , 2009
110.
113
H. Blum
"Photodynamic Action and Diseases caused Light" , 1940
111.
Molecular Modeling Studies of the DNA−Topoisomerase I Ternary Cleavable Complex with Camptothecin
Fan Y., Weinstein J.N., Kohn K.W., Shi L.M., Pommier Y.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 1998
112.
Lead Finder docking and virtual screening evaluation with Astex and DUD test sets
Novikov F.N., Stroylov V.S., Zeifman A.A., Stroganov O.V., Kulkov V., Chilov G.G.
Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design , 2012
113.
Hit clustering can improve virtual fragment screening: CDK2 and PARP1 case studies
Zeifman A.A., Stroylov V.S., Novikov F.N., Stroganov O.V., Zakharenko A.L., Khodyreva S.N., Lavrik O.I., Chilov G.G.
Journal of Molecular Modeling , 2011
114.
TSAR, a new graph-theoretical approach to computational modeling of protein side-chain flexibility: Modeling of ionization properties of proteins
Stroganov O.V., Novikov F.N., Zeifman A.A., Stroylov V.S., Chilov G.G.
Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics , 2011
115.
CSAR Scoring Challenge Reveals the Need for New Concepts in Estimating Protein–Ligand Binding Affinity
Novikov F.N., Zeifman A.A., Stroganov O.V., Stroylov V.S., Kulkov V., Chilov G.G.
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 2011
116.
Sukhorukov Alexey Yu, Andryushkevich Svetlana O, Chilov Ghermes Grigor'evich, Zeifman Alexey A, Svitanko Igor, Ioffe Sema Leibovich
Mendeleev Communications , 2011
117.
Romashov Leonid Vladimirovich, Zeifman Alexey A, Zakharenko Alexandra Leonidovna, Novikov Fedor Nikolaevich, Stroylov Viktor Sergeevich, Stroganov Oleg Valentinovich, Chilov Ghermes Grigor'evich, Khodyreva Svetlana Nikolaevna, Lavrik Olga Ivanovna, Titov Ilya Yur'evich, Svitanko Igor
Mendeleev Communications , 2011
118.
The role of carboxymethyl substituents in the interaction of tetracationic porphyrins with DNA
Kovaleva O.A., Tsvetkov V.B., Shchyolkina A.K., Borisova O.F., Ol’shevskaya V.A., Makarenkov A.V., Semeikin A.S., Shtil A.A., Kaluzhny D.N.
European Biophysics Journal , 2012
120.
Fully Automated Molecular Mechanics Based Induced Fit Protein−Ligand Docking Method
Koska J., Spassov V.Z., Maynard A.J., Yan L., Austin N., Flook P.K., Venkatachalam C.M.
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 2008
121.
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1352(199601)9:1<1::AID-JMR241>3.0.CO;2-6
122.
10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(19981115)19:14<1639::AID-JCC10>3.0.CO;2-B
125.
128
J. Wiemann
Bull. Soc. chim. France , 1952
126.
AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility
Morris G.M., Huey R., Lindstrom W., Sanner M.F., Belew R.K., Goodsell D.S., Olson A.J.
Journal of Computational Chemistry , 2009
127.
Automated docking of substrates to proteins by simulated annealing
Goodsell D.S., Olson A.J.
Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics , 1990
128.
Human topoisomerase I poisoning: docking protoberberines into a structure-based binding site model
Kettmann V., Košt’álová D., Höltje H.
Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design , 2004
129.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(1997)1+<215::AID-PROT29>3.0.CO;2-Q
130.
133
C. Wilson
Trans. Electrochem. Soc. , 1941
132.
GROMACS: Fast, flexible, and free
Van Der Spoel D., Lindahl E., Hess B., Groenhof G., Mark A.E., Berendsen H.J.
Journal of Computational Chemistry , 2005
134.
Exploring DNA topoisomerase I inhibition by the benzo[c]phenanthridines fagaronine and ethoxidine using steered molecular dynamics
Clark R.L., Deane F.M., Anthony N.G., Johnston B.F., McCarthy F.O., Mackay S.P.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , 2007
135.
In Silico Footprinting of Ligands Binding to the Minor Groove of DNA
Anthony N.G., Huchet G., Johnston B.F., Parkinson J.A., Suckling C.J., Waigh R.D., Mackay S.P.
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 2005
136.
Modelling topoisomerase I inhibition by minor groove binders
Winkler D.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , 2011