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Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery

Rizwan Ullah Khan 1
Rizwan Ullah Khan
, 
Li Wang 1
Li Wang
, 
Haojie Yu 1
Haojie Yu
, 
Zain-ul-Abdin 1
Zain-ul-Abdin
, 
Muhammad Akram 1
Muhammad Akram
, 
Jialiang Wu 1
Jialiang Wu
, 
Muhammad Haroon 1
Muhammad Haroon
, 
Raja Summe Ullah 1
Raja Summe Ullah
, 
Zheng Deng 1
Zheng Deng
, 
Xia Xia 1
Xia Xia
1 State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
10.1070/RCR4757
Published 30 November 2017
Review , RCR4757, Volume 87, Issue 2, 109-150
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Khan R. U. et al. Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2017. Vol. 87. No. 2. pp. 109-150.
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Khan R. U., Wang L., Yu H., Zain-ul-Abdin, Akram M., Wu J., Haroon M., Ullah R. S., Deng Z., Xia X. Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery // Russian Chemical Reviews. 2017. Vol. 87. No. 2. pp. 109-150.
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TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1070/RCR4757
UR - https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RCR4757
TI - Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery
T2 - Russian Chemical Reviews
AU - Khan, Rizwan Ullah
AU - Wang, Li
AU - Yu, Haojie
AU - Zain-ul-Abdin
AU - Akram, Muhammad
AU - Wu, Jialiang
AU - Haroon, Muhammad
AU - Ullah, Raja Summe
AU - Deng, Zheng
AU - Xia, Xia
PY - 2017
DA - 2017/11/30
PB - ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
SP - 109-150
IS - 2
VL - 87
ER -
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@article{2017_Khan,
author = {Rizwan Ullah Khan and Li Wang and Haojie Yu and Zain-ul-Abdin and Muhammad Akram and Jialiang Wu and Muhammad Haroon and Raja Summe Ullah and Zheng Deng and Xia Xia},
title = {Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery},
journal = {Russian Chemical Reviews},
year = {2017},
volume = {87},
publisher = {ANO Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii},
month = {Nov},
url = {https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RCR4757},
number = {2},
pages = {109--150},
doi = {10.1070/RCR4757}
}
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Khan, Rizwan Ullah, et al. “Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.” Russian Chemical Reviews, vol. 87, no. 2, Nov. 2017, pp. 109-150. https://rcr.colab.ws/publications/10.1070/RCR4757.
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Abstract

It is a highly desirable goal of researchers to develop effective biomaterials with minimum recovery time and affordable treatment expense for tissue engineering and drug delivery. In this scenario, numerous synthetic and natural polymers have been used. Among those synthetic polymers, polyorganophosphazenes (POPs) have got much attention as highly promising candidates for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Polyorganophosphazenes are hybrid polymers containing inorganic backbone consisting of alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms with two organic side groups. POPs possess a wide range of unique properties, \textit{i.e}., synthetic flexibility, biocompatibility, osteocompatibility, osteoinductivity, sustainability and degradability into harmless end products with predictable degradation rate and adjustable mechanical strength. Moreover, their tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic and stimuli responsive properties add extra points to their use in biomedical applications. In addition, their various polymeric forms, \textit{i.e}., microspheres, nano/microfibres, micelles, membranes, polymersomes, hydrogels and nano-conjugate linear polymers provide different carriers to efficiently deliver various hydrophilic/hydrophobic therapeutic agents both \textit{in vitro} and \textit{in vivo}. This review focuses on the most recent progress that has been made in the synthesis and applications of POPs in tissue engineering and their different polymeric forms used for drug delivery. Moreover, we have also summarized the effect of different side groups on the overall efficiency of POPs.

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